Threshold encryption
BLS threshold on BLS12-381 (Boneh-Lynn-Shacham). Validators run a coordinated distributed key generation; decryption requires a quorum. The standard regime once the active set crosses N≥15.
Adamant's mempool is encrypted by default. Two regimes: threshold encryption (when the active set has N≥15 validators) and time-lock VDF (when N<15). Transitions are automatic with hysteresis — switch up at N≥15, switch back at N<10 (WP §8.4).
Below floor (N<7): chain halts on disagreement; preserves safety, suspends liveness.
BLS threshold on BLS12-381 (Boneh-Lynn-Shacham). Validators run a coordinated distributed key generation; decryption requires a quorum. The standard regime once the active set crosses N≥15.
Wesolowski VDF on RSA / class groups. Used when N<15 — the chain can still encrypt the mempool against pre-execution MEV without a coordinated DKG. Inclusion latency is higher (10–30s) during this regime.
The chain switches to threshold at N≥15 and back to VDF at N<10. The gap prevents flapping at the boundary. Transitions happen at epoch boundaries; pending transactions complete in the regime they entered under.
Encrypted-by-default mempool means a single validator cannot read transaction contents before inclusion. This eliminates the class of MEV attacks that depend on pre-execution visibility (sandwich, front-run, copy).